Top Sydney Digital Marketing Agencies
Explore more options on Clutch:
Global list of Top Digital Marketing Companies
Nearby market: Digital Marketing Agencies in Melbourne
Niche filter: Sydney agencies for E-Commerce marketing
-
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Serves Sydney, AustraliaServices provided
See all 15 projectsPure Bold is a web development and digital marketing agency known for its comprehensive services, including website design, brand strategy, and marketing solutions. The company boasts a high level of customer satisfaction, with 100% of reviewers highlighting their exceptional project management, timely delivery, and personalized approach. Clients consistently praise their ability to understand and meet specific business needs, while no negative feedback was reported.
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Serves Sydney, AustraliaServices provided
See all 78 projectsfarsiight is a digital marketing agency specializing in Google Ads and SEO services, with a keen focus on optimizing ad campaigns to enhance traffic, conversions, and Return on Ad Spend (ROAS). They are highly praised for being proactive, responsive, and delivering on time, with 100% of reviewers highlighting their excellent communication and cultural fit.
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr250 - 999Serves Sydney, AustraliaServices provided
See all 75 projectsNinja Promo is a digital marketing agency specializing in social media management, influencer marketing, and SEO/PPC services. Reviews reveal a mixed reception: approximately 75% of clients commend their creativity, timely delivery, and effective content strategies, while 25% report issues, including communication lapses and unmet expectations. Overall, Ninja Promo's strength lies in aligning with client goals and adapting strategies, though improvement in communication and detailed reporting is suggested.
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49Serves Sydney, AustraliaServices provided
See all 26 projectse intelligence is a digital marketing agency specializing in SEO, web development, and digital marketing services. They consistently deliver high-quality work, meeting deadlines and budget constraints. Positive feedback accounts for 100% of the reviews, with 70% highlighting their responsiveness and professionalism. While some suggest improvements in email response time, the overall client satisfaction is remarkably high, with many praising their value for cost and alignment with company values.
-
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Homebush, Australia
Services provided
NatrajItsolutions is a web development company. The Homebush, Australia-based firm was established in 2024. Their services include Web Development and Custom Software Development.
Read more -
$25,000+$200 - $300 / hr2 - 9Revesby, Australia
Services provided
Paradelta Strategy is a branding firm. The team offers Branding and Marketing Strategy and is located in Revesby, Australia and Revesby, Australia.
Read more -
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Sydney, AustraliaServices provided
See all 19 projectsHuman Digital is a digital marketing and design agency offering services such as website development, branding, social media marketing, and lead generation. Overall feedback from reviews is overwhelmingly positive, with clients praising their responsiveness, project management, and ability to deliver exceptional results. Approximately 85% of reviewers highlighted their effective communication and impressive cultural fit, while 90% expressed satisfaction with their outcomes, indicating a strong reputation for reliability and expertise.
-
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Stanmore, Australia
Services provided
Zuni, a data analytics company, is located in Stanmore, Australia. Established in 2010, the team focuses on BI & big data consulting & SI and Content Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Services provided
AusNep IT Solution is a Sydney, Australia-based web design company. Their services include Web Design and IT strategy consulting.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Alexandria, Australia
Services provided
Launched in 2017, SocialMindr is a small Alexandria, Australia-based social media marketing company. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Honner is a public relations company launched in 1997. The agency specializes in Public Relations and Marketing Strategy, and is small.
Read more -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Darlinghurst, Australia
Services provided
Event Marketing company Spoke offers Event Marketing and Marketing Strategy. They are located in Darlinghurst, Australia and West Perth, Australia.
Read more -
$5,000+$200 - $300 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Established in 2021, Unlocking Growth is a Conversion Optimization company. The team focuses on Conversion Optimization and Email Marketing.
Read more -
$50,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Surry Hills, Australia
Services provided
Founded in 2022, Wonderful is a Digital Strategy company. The company specializes in Digital Strategy and Web Design, and is small.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed50 - 249Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Midsize Direct Marketing company DataList, is in Sydney, Australia. The team offers Direct Marketing and BI & big data consulting & SI.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed50 - 249North Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Rivyl is an Advertising company. They provide Advertising and Branding and were founded in 2018. The company is in North Sydney, Australia.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Macquarie Park, Australia
Services provided
Rank to Revenue is a social media marketing agency founded in 2024. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Content Marketing.
Read more -
$1,000+Undisclosed2 - 9Hurlstone Park, Australia
Services provided
Viewix is a video production agency established in 2022. Located in Hurlstone Park, Australia, the team offers Video Production and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr250 - 999Ultimo, Australia
Services provided
BWM Dentsu, an Advertising company, was established in 1996. They focuses on Advertising and Branding.
Read more -
$10,000+$100 - $149 / hr1,000 - 9,999San Diego, CA
Services provided
Launched in 2015, Mirum Agency is a large Advertising company. Their services include Advertising and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Launched in 2013, Clade Solutions is a small big data analytics company and Mobile & App Marketing company. Their team specializes in BI & big data consulting & SI and Mobile & App Marketing.
Read more -
$50,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Sydney, Australia
Services provided
Freedman International is a midsize Advertising company. They specialize in Advertising and Broadcast Video and were established in 1990.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Glebe, Australia
Services provided
Zalus Digital is an Email Marketing company. Their small team is based in Glebe, Australia. Their team offers Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Chatswood, Australia
Services provided
PermissionCorp is an Email Marketing company. They are headquartered in Chatswood, Australia and Taipei, Taiwan. Their team focuses on Email Marketing and Advertising.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed250 - 999Madrid, Spain
Services provided
Integral Ad Science is an Advertising company. They provide Advertising and Branding and were launched in 2009.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Edgecliff, Australia
Services provided
Proof Communications is an Edgecliff, Australia-based Content Writing Services and Content Marketing company. Their services include Content Writing Services and Content Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Baulkham Hills, Australia
Services provided
Article Writers Australia is a Content Marketing and Content Writing Services company. Founded in 2009, the company specializes in Content Marketing and Content Writing Services.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9The Rocks, Australia
Services provided
Antelope Media, a Content Marketing and Content Writing Services company, was founded in 2010. They provides Content Marketing and Content Writing Services.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Five Dock, Australia
Services provided
Seek Marketing is a SEO company located in Five Dock, Australia. They provide Search Engine Optimization and Digital Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Ultimo, Australia
Services provided
Content Marketing company SK8Tech was established in 2013. The team offers Content Marketing and UX/UI Design.
Read more -
$1,000+$300+ / hrFreelancerBondi Junction, Australia
Services provided
Xtrordinate is a Bondi Junction, Australia-based Content Marketing and social media marketing company. The team specializes in Content Marketing and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosedFreelancerTennyson Point, Australia
Services provided
Small social media marketing firm Full Circle Digital Marketing, is headquartered in Tennyson Point, Australia. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9North Parramatta, Australia
Services provided
Biz Vista, a Digital Strategy company, was established in 2015. They focuses on Digital Strategy and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$10,000+< $25 / hr10 - 49Rosebery, Australia
Services provided
Advertising company Outreach Desk is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York and Rosebery, Australia. They provide Advertising and Public Relations and were founded in 2023.
Read more -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Barangaroo, Australia
Services provided
Flarecom is a small SEO agency launched in 2007. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Web Design.
Read more -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Waverley, Australia
Services provided
Catalyst MDC is a small Digital Strategy company headquartered in Waverley, Australia. Their services include Digital Strategy and Marketing Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Mona Vale, Australia
Services provided
Spinfluence is a Blockchain company. The Mona Vale, Australia-based team provides Blockchain and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Ultimo, Australia
Services provided
Result Driven SEO is a Digital Strategy company. Launched in 2011, the company is based in Ultimo, Australia. Their team offers Digital Strategy and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9North Bondi, Australia
Services provided
CHc&co. Is a small North Bondi, Australia-based branding agency. Their services include Branding and Marketing Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Parramatta, Australia
Services provided
Social media marketing firm Marketing Wiz Australia was launched in 2016. The agency offers Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization, and is small.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Oxford Falls, Australia
Services provided
WDA Agency is a Marketing Strategy company headquartered in Oxford Falls, Australia. Launched in 2019, the team focuses on Marketing Strategy and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
$10,000+$25 - $49 / hr2 - 9North Strathfield, Australia
Services provided
SEO company Usableseo is in North Strathfield, Australia. They offer Search Engine Optimization and Content Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Cromer, Australia
Services provided
North VZon is a small social media marketing agency. Established in 2014, the team offers Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
$1,000+< $25 / hr10 - 49Quakers Hill, Australia
Services provided
See all 2 projectsFunnel Simplified Private Limited is a digital marketing company specializing in branding, lead generation, social media management, and SEO services. The reviews highlight their result-oriented approach and adaptability, with 100% of reviewers praising their effective workflows and lead generation capabilities. However, there is a suggestion for expansion into new geographic markets.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Surry Hills, Australia
Services provided
UpSurge Digital, a social media marketing agency, is headquartered in Surry Hills, Australia. They provide Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing and were established in 2016.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosedFreelancerBarangaroo, Australia
Services provided
Lachlan Martin , a pay per click agency, was launched in 2025. The agency specializes in Pay Per Click and Search Engine Optimization, and is small.
Read more -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Services provided
XO Digital, a Digital Strategy company, was founded in 2023. They specializes in Digital Strategy and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Brookvale, Australia
Services provided
Website development firm MyWebTeam was launched in 2013. The company offers Web Development and E-Commerce Development, and is small.
Read more -
$10,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Pyrmont, Australia
Services provided
The Hallway is an Advertising company headquartered in Pyrmont, Australia and Melbourne, Australia. Their services include Advertising and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Revesby, Australia
Services provided
Windsorborn is a branding agency. They are headquartered in Revesby, Australia. Their team provides Branding and Digital Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Norwest, Australia
Services provided
Orion Creative is a web development firm. The Norwest, Australia-based company was established in 1995. Their team focuses on Web Development and Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Surry Hills, Australia
Services provided
In Surry Hills, Australia, Zadro Agency is a branding firm. They provide Branding and Public Relations and were established in 2007.
Read more -
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49Millers Point, Australia
Services provided
Louder Online is a SEO company. They offer Search Engine Optimization and are based in Millers Point, Australia.
Read more -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hrFreelancerDover Heights, Australia
Services provided
See all 2 projectsAaron Knight is a freelance web design and development company that offers services including website design, development, SEO, and digital marketing solutions. The reviews highlight their personal service and effective project management, with 100% of reviewers noting the quality of their work and communication. Clients commend their ability to deliver tailored solutions and provide added value, with no reported areas for improvement.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Kingsford, Australia
Services provided
Sydney Maestro is a SEO services firm headquartered in Kingsford, Australia. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Advertising.
Read more
Share your project goals, and we’ll connect you with verified partners who fit your budget and timeline.
Get My Matches
Tell us what you need — we’ll match you with top agencies in minutes.
Get My MatchesWhy Trust Clutch
At Clutch, we believe trust is the foundation of every business relationship. Our mission is to help buyers make confident, data-backed decisions informed by real client experiences.
Every review on Clutch undergoes a rigorous, human-led verification process to make sure it’s valid. Our team of specialists confirms the identity of each reviewer, ensures the project is legitimate, and only publishes reviews that meet our strict criteria.
Verification doesn’t stop at the point of publication. Our Trust & Safety team routinely audits older reviews against our guidelines. When reviews fall short of our standards, we remove them.
We evaluate service providers using a structured methodology that combines:
- In-depth client interviews and ratings
- Comprehensive project details
- Market presence
- Portfolio examples and industry recognition
This data powers tools like the Leaders Matrix, which helps you compare agencies directly. Our research team curates rankings by weighing verified reviews most heavily, so the most trusted and experienced providers rise to the top.
Using this unique combination of verified client feedback and provider-supplied insights, Clutch distills the most important details into clear, digestible summaries so you have everything you need to make confident, informed decisions quickly.
We take fraud seriously. Providers who violate our guidelines may face lower rankings, restricted visibility, or removal from the platform altogether.
Clutch’s commitment to transparency is ongoing. We’re constantly refining our systems to protect the integrity of reviews and support you in finding the right agency.
List of Best Digital Marketing Companies in Sydney
-
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Erskineville, Australia
Ability to deliver
37/40.018/20 Reviews9.3/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Digital Marketing30% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249Boston, MA
Ability to deliver
38.5/40.018.8/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.8/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249Surry Hills, Australia
Ability to deliver
33.7/40.016.6/20 Reviews9.7/10 Clients & Experience7.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
75% Digital Marketing25% Other -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
35.7/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Digital Marketing30% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Crows Nest, Australia
Ability to deliver
33.7/40.016.4/20 Reviews8/10 Clients & Experience9.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Digital Marketing30% Other -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
36.1/40.017.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
36.9/40.018.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
50% Digital Marketing50% Other -
$5,000+$200 - $300 / hr10 - 49North Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
29.6/40.015.8/20 Reviews5.8/10 Clients & Experience8/10 Market PresenceService focus
85% Digital Marketing15% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Parramatta, Australia
Ability to deliver
30.3/40.016.6/20 Reviews6.9/10 Clients & Experience6.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Crows Nest, Australia
Ability to deliver
35.8/40.016.6/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience10/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Digital Marketing60% Other -
$25,000+$100 - $149 / hr1,000 - 9,999São Paulo, Brazil
Ability to deliver
35.9/40.016/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Digital Marketing80% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9North Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
33.2/40.016.2/20 Reviews9.9/10 Clients & Experience7.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Digital Marketing40% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Haymarket, Australia
Ability to deliver
28.1/40.015.6/20 Reviews6.9/10 Clients & Experience5.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Digital Marketing10% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Concord, Australia
Ability to deliver
34.7/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
32.3/40.016.4/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience6.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Digital Marketing40% Other -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
34.8/40.016.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Digital Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49North Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
29.5/40.017.6/20 Reviews7.3/10 Clients & Experience4.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
65% Digital Marketing35% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr50 - 249Balmain, Australia
Ability to deliver
32.2/40.020/20 Reviews5.7/10 Clients & Experience6.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Digital Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
32/40.015.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience6.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
85% Digital Marketing15% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249Eveleigh, Australia
Ability to deliver
31.1/40.016/20 Reviews8.4/10 Clients & Experience6.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Digital Marketing10% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Chatswood, Australia
Ability to deliver
32.8/40.016.2/20 Reviews9.8/10 Clients & Experience6.8/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Digital Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Bondi Junction, Australia
Ability to deliver
29.4/40.016.2/20 Reviews6.9/10 Clients & Experience6.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Digital Marketing20% Other -
$1,000+Undisclosed50 - 249Haymarket, Australia
Ability to deliver
32/40.016.8/20 Reviews5.8/10 Clients & Experience9.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Barangaroo, Australia
Ability to deliver
33.6/40.016/20 Reviews9.5/10 Clients & Experience8.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
29.9/40.016.2/20 Reviews8.3/10 Clients & Experience5.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
65% Digital Marketing35% Other -
$25,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
36.2/40.016.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Digital Marketing90% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Randwick, Australia
Ability to deliver
32/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Digital Marketing -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Surry Hills, Australia
Ability to deliver
29.9/40.016.2/20 Reviews8.1/10 Clients & Experience5.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Digital Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Surry Hills, Australia
Ability to deliver
28.1/40.015/20 Reviews7.6/10 Clients & Experience5.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Digital Marketing30% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Sydney, Australia
Ability to deliver
23.8/40.017.2/20 Reviews1.8/10 Clients & Experience4.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Digital Marketing20% Other
Latest Digital Marketing Articles
See all articles![How to Create a Digital Marketing Budget [With Template] cover image](https://img.shgstatic.com/clutch-static-prod/image/resize/715x400/s3fs-public/article/cbefcf801b6c486982d781482f9a654f.png)
How to Create a Digital Marketing Budget [With Template]
Use this template to create an affordable digital marketing budget for your business.
Top Digital Marketing Agencies in Sydney
Local agencies know the nuances of Australia’s consumer behaviour, media regulations, and slang (“arvo sales,” “Maccas,” etc.). They can:
- Leverage press relationships with outlets like the Sydney Morning Herald and AFR
- Optimise for Australia-specific SERP features (.com.au domains, local packs)
- Schedule social content in AEST to catch commuter peaks on the T3 and the Light Rail
- Meet face-to-face for agile sprints—helpful when refining creatives or data privacy compliance
For brands targeting ANZ or APAC, a Sydney partner offers time-zone alignment and cultural fluency that overseas firms may lack.
Pricing varies by scope and specialisation:
- Hourly rates: AUD $120–$250 for senior-level strategists; $80–$150 for executional roles
- Monthly retainers: AUD $4,000–$15,000 for integrated SEO + PPC + social packages
- Project-based fees: AUD $10k–$40k for website launches or multi-channel campaigns
Boutique agencies may offer starter retainers around AUD $2,500 for startups, while enterprise engagements can exceed AUD $50k per month. Always request a detailed statement of work outlining deliverables, KPIs, and reporting cadence.
Thanks to the city’s diverse economy, agencies commonly specialise in:
- Fintech & financial services (Macquarie, Afterpay)
- E-commerce and retail, especially fashion and lifestyle brands on Shopify
- Travel & hospitality supporting tourism to Bondi, Manly, and the Blue Mountains
- B2B SaaS clustered around the Tech Central precinct
- Healthcare and medtech are collaborating with institutions like the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Niche shops also focus on property, education, and sustainability, reflecting local market demand.
The first step is to define objectives, such as lead gen, D2C sales, brand lift, or something else.
- Shortlist firms with relevant case studies and industry certifications (Google Premier Partner, HubSpot Gold).
- Review Clutch profiles for verified client feedback on communication, ROI, and timelines.
- Ask about their in-house skill mix versus outsourced talent.
- Request a pilot or audit to gauge strategic thinking before signing a long-term contract.
Watch out for companies that showcase any of these possible red flags:
- Guaranteed rankings or overnight results. SEO and paid media require testing and iteration.
- Lack of transparency in ad spend or proprietary “black-box” tactics.
- No clear reporting framework (e.g., GA4, Data Studio) or unwillingness to share raw data.
- One-size-fits-all proposals that ignore Australian audience segments or regulatory guidelines (ACMA, GDPR-equivalent).
- High staff turnover, leading to account hand-offs every few months.