Top PPC Management Agencies in New York City
Continue your search. Browse Top New York City Digital Marketing Agencies
Looking beyond Manhattan? Explore these related directories:
-
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 406 projectsKlientBoost is a digital advertising agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click (PPC), Google Ads, and paid media strategies. Reviews highlight their ability to improve lead quality and decrease cost per acquisition, with 90% of feedback praising their communication, transparent reporting, and innovative approaches. Clients appreciate their expertise in online ad campaigns, noting significant improvements in conversion rates and ROI.
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 49 projectsATRA is a digital advertising agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click (PPC) services, including managing Google Ads and other online ad campaigns. Reviews highlight their expertise in increasing web traffic, improving Return on Ad Spend (ROAS), and achieving significant lead generation improvements. Approximately 67% of clients commend ATRA's transparency and strategic approach, while 83% note their impressive communication and responsiveness.
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 373 projectsDisruptive Advertising is a digital advertising agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click Advertising, Google Ads, and Search Engine Marketing. Reviews reveal a mix of positive and negative feedback, with approximately 85% praising their expertise, project management, and personalized approach, while about 15% note areas for improvement, such as campaign optimization and creative processes. Their commitment to increasing leads and improving metrics is frequently highlighted.
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 406 projectsKlientBoost is a digital advertising agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click (PPC), Google Ads, and paid media strategies. Reviews highlight their ability to improve lead quality and decrease cost per acquisition, with 90% of feedback praising their communication, transparent reporting, and innovative approaches. Clients appreciate their expertise in online ad campaigns, noting significant improvements in conversion rates and ROI.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9West Orange, NJ
Services provided
Based in West Orange, New Jersey, Beverly's Webshop is a small social media marketing company. The team offers Social Media Marketing and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49White Plains, NY
Services provided
See all 10 projectsGrowth Marketing Advisors is a digital advertising agency specializing in PPC and online ad campaigns. Reviews highlight their expertise in building scalable and effective go-to-market systems, with 100% positive feedback emphasizing their strong project management and collaborative approach. Clients appreciate their ability to close substantial deals and enhance sales and marketing growth engines.
-
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 7 projectsPPC Force is a highly regarded agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click Advertising, providing expert services in managing Google Ads and other digital advertising platforms. Across reviews, 100% of clients commend their responsiveness and timely delivery, with 80% highlighting their deep industry knowledge and alignment with company values. Their ability to enhance lead quality and reduce cost per acquisition is a consistent theme.
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Serves New York City, NYServices provided
See all 26 projectsGatorworks is a digital advertising agency specializing in PPC, Google Ads, and digital marketing strategies. The company is praised for its effective project management, delivering campaigns on time, and offering proactive solutions, with 100% of reviewers highlighting client-centric service and successful campaign outcomes. Clients commend their responsiveness and innovative approach to digital advertising.
-
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
Founded in 2020, Merlin Marketing is a SEO services firm. The team specializes in Search Engine Optimization and Content Marketing and is located in Pune, India and New York, New York.
Read more -
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
AMZ AD SCOUT is an Ecommerce Marketing company. The New York, New York-based team focuses on Ecommerce Marketing and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hrFreelancerBrooklyn, NY
Services provided
Founded in 2024, Arlesienne LLC, a small Performance Marketing company, is located in Brooklyn, New York. Their team offers Performance Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9The Bronx, NY
Services provided
In Fresno, California and The Bronx, New York, Startup IT Solution is a social media marketing firm. They specialize in Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization and were launched in
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Astoria, NY
Services provided
Vodchits Innovations Corp is a Cybersecurity company in Astoria, New York. They offer Cybersecurity and IT managed services and were founded in 2016.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Digital Destino, Inc., a social media marketing agency, was established in 2017. The small team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
$10,000+< $25 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
Arabinfotec is a custom software development firm in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and New York, New York. They specialize in Custom Software Development and E-Commerce Development.
Read more -
$1,000+Undisclosed2 - 9Garfield, NJ
Services provided
Lulu Web Design & SEO is a web design company. The Garfield, New Jersey-based company was founded in 2021. Their team provides Web Design and Advertising.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosedFreelancerBrooklyn, NY
Services provided
SEO services firm Kelly’s Travel Incentive was established in 2023. The firm specializes in Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed50 - 249New York, NY
Services provided
Vidsy is a social media marketing company established in 2015. The midsize team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Advertising.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed50 - 249Maplewood, NJ
Services provided
MorresPeck, a midsize web design agency, is in Maplewood, New Jersey. Their services include Web Design and Web Development.
Read more -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Scotch Plains, NJ
Services provided
Founded in 2025, Devilish Marketing is a PPC company. The team focuses on Pay Per Click and Social Media Marketing and is in Scotch Plains, New Jersey.
Read more -
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hrFreelancerElizabeth, NJ
Services provided
Founded in 2020, JDC Seo Design is an Advertising company. The firm provides Advertising and Market Research, and is small.
Read more -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49Massapequa, NY
Services provided
See all 4 projectsBlue Surge Marketing Agency is a web design firm known for creating visually appealing and functional websites tailored to client needs. Client feedback is overwhelmingly positive, with 100% of reviewers praising their responsiveness, collaborative approach, and effective communication. Clients also highlight the agency's excellent project management and the impressive expertise of their team, particularly in translating client visions into reality.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Edison, NJ
Services provided
See all 20 projectsAdachi Computech Solutions is a digital advertising agency specializing in Pay-Per-Click Advertising and Google Ads. Clients commend their strategic campaign planning, resulting in improved search rankings and lead generation, with a notable decrease in cost per lead and increased conversion rates. Approximately 100% of reviews highlight their responsiveness and proactive communication as key strengths.
-
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hrFreelancerNew York, NY
Services provided
Digital Herder Advertising Agency is a Digital Strategy company based in Montclair, New Jersey and New York, New York. The team offers Digital Strategy and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
$5,000+Undisclosed10 - 49Port Washington, NY
Services provided
Small SEO services firm Zola Creative, is in Port Washington, New York. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Web Design.
Read more -
Undisclosed$100 - $149 / hrFreelancerNew York, NY
Services provided
Founded in 2026, Convertive Media is a small New York, New York-based PPC agency. Their team focuses on Pay Per Click and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49Edison, NJ
Services provided
See all 1 projectsDorts Digital offers full-scale digital marketing, web development, market research, and social media marketing services. The overall feedback from their reviews highlights their professionalism, dedication, and ability to deliver timely and effective solutions, resulting in increased brand awareness and improved UX/UI for their clients. Clients were particularly impressed with their expeditious problem-solving and solution-finding capabilities.
-
$1,000+< $25 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
PentaPlus is a social media marketing company. The firm is located in New York, New York. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Queens, NY
Services provided
Progression Agency is an Event Marketing company in Queens, New York. Founded in 2021, the team specializes in Event Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Red Bank, NJ
Services provided
See all 1 projectsVallo Media is a marketing agency specializing in rebranding and paid media strategies. The company has received overwhelmingly positive feedback, with 100% of reviewers highlighting their exceptional project management, creative innovation, and data-driven strategies. Clients appreciate their personalized approach, deep understanding of brand needs, and commitment to delivering measurable results. Vallo Media is praised for their seamless communication and proactive adaptability, making them a valued partner in achieving business goals.
-
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Bronx, NY
Services provided
Launched in 2014, Urban SEO Center LLC, a small branding company, is headquartered in Bronx, New York. Their team focuses on Branding and Content Marketing.
Read more -
$5,000+Undisclosed10 - 49Woodcliff Lake, NJ
Services provided
King Group One is an Advertising company. Their team is headquartered in Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey and provides Advertising and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Fairfield, NJ
Services provided
Ballantine is a Direct Marketing company. They are headquartered in Fairfield, New Jersey, and their services include Direct Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Newark, NJ
Services provided
DreamPlay Media is a video production company. Their small team is in Newark, New Jersey. Their services include Video Production and Advertising.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Hoboken, NJ
Services provided
Nevas Digital Marketing is a Digital Strategy company. The Hoboken, New Jersey-based team provides Digital Strategy and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
Small social media marketing agency Adzurite, is located in New York, New York and Mumbai, India. The team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49New York, NY
Services provided
SoMad Partners is a branding agency. Their small team is based in New York, New York. Their team offers Branding and Fractional CMO Services.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Pequannock Township, NJ
Services provided
A Second Opinion LLC is a Pequannock Township, New Jersey-based pay per click agency and SEO agency. The team specializes in Pay Per Click and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hrFreelancerNew York, NY
Services provided
Web design agency The New York Website Designer is headquartered in New York, New York. They specialize in Web Design and Logo.
Read more -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Brooklyn, NY
Services provided
Sleek Web Designs is a graphic design agency founded in 2015. The team provides Graphic Design and Web Design.
Read more -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hrFreelancerNew York, NY
Services provided
Ask8 Digital Marketing is a branding company. The firm is in New York, New York. Their team specializes in Branding and Video Production.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49Wyckoff, NJ
Services provided
Manning Agency LLC is a PPC company and SEO company launched in 1985. The small team focuses on Pay Per Click and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Bernardsville, NJ
Services provided
See all 6 projectsKing Willy is a marketing agency specializing in website design, social media promotion, and digital marketing solutions. Across multiple reviews, clients consistently praise their creativity, professionalism, and effective communication. Approximately 100% of reviewers highlight their responsiveness and quality of work, emphasizing King Willy's ability to enhance online presence and drive business growth without any noted areas for improvement.
-
$10,000+$100 - $149 / hrFreelancerBrooklyn, NY
Services provided
Launched in 2014, Deniz Olmez is an e-commerce development firm. The small team specializes in E-Commerce Development and Business Consulting.
Read more -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
GrowthCast is a New York, New York-based Advertising company. They focus on Advertising and Digital Strategy and were founded in 2026.
Read more -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
HERETIC is an user experience company. The team specializes in UX/UI Design and Branding, and the agency is located in New York, New York.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Advertising company Briggs Advertising, Inc. Is in New York, New York. They offer Advertising and Graphic Design and were launched in 1987.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9UPR MONTCLAIR, NJ
Services provided
Located in UPR MONTCLAIR, New Jersey, BZA LLC is a small SEO services firm. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Kearny, NJ
Services provided
Perlinski Design LLC is a SEO agency. Located in Kearny, New Jersey, the company was launched in 2000. Their team provides Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Montclair, NJ
Services provided
Lemont Groupdm is an Email Marketing company launched in 2010. The firm offers Email Marketing and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
DigitalBloke LLC is a social media marketing firm. They were launched in 2019, and their services include Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Established in 2016, Business Growth Managers is a branding company. The small team focuses on Branding and Market Research.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Brooklyn, NY
Services provided
Online Situation Academy, a social media marketing company, is in Brooklyn, New York. They specialize in Social Media Marketing and Blockchain Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Founded in 2012, Savory PR is a small Content Writing Services company in New York, New York. Their team focuses on Content Writing Services and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Brooklyn, NY
Services provided
Stoic Media is a social media marketing firm. Their team is located in Brooklyn, New York and provides Social Media Marketing and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Located in New York, New York, LegalEdge Marketers is a SEO company. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Web Design.
Read more
Share your project goals, and we’ll connect you with verified partners who fit your budget and timeline.
Get My Matches
Tell us what you need — we’ll match you with top agencies and their real-time quotes in minutes.
Get My QuotesWhy Trust Clutch
At Clutch, we believe trust is the foundation of every business relationship. Our mission is to help buyers make confident, data-backed decisions informed by real client experiences.
Every review on Clutch undergoes a rigorous, human-led verification process to make sure it’s valid. Our team of specialists confirms the identity of each reviewer, ensures the project is legitimate, and only publishes reviews that meet our strict criteria.
Verification doesn’t stop at the point of publication. Our Trust & Safety team routinely audits older reviews against our guidelines. When reviews fall short of our standards, we remove them.
We evaluate service providers using a structured methodology that combines:
- In-depth client interviews and ratings
- Comprehensive project details
- Market presence
- Portfolio examples and industry recognition
This data powers tools like the Leaders Matrix, which helps you compare agencies directly. Our research team curates rankings by weighing verified reviews most heavily, so the most trusted and experienced providers rise to the top.
Using this unique combination of verified client feedback and provider-supplied insights, Clutch distills the most important details into clear, digestible summaries so you have everything you need to make confident, informed decisions quickly.
We take fraud seriously. Providers who violate our guidelines may face lower rankings, restricted visibility, or removal from the platform altogether.
Clutch’s commitment to transparency is ongoing. We’re constantly refining our systems to protect the integrity of reviews and support you in finding the right agency.
List of the Top 15 New York City PPC Companies
-
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
39/40.020/20 Reviews9.6/10 Clients & Experience9.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Pay Per Click20% Other -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
38/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Pay Per Click -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr50 - 249Tenafly, NJ
Ability to deliver
37.2/40.017.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
50% Pay Per Click50% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr250 - 999Paramus, NJ
Ability to deliver
38.2/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
30% Pay Per Click70% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Woodmere, NY
Ability to deliver
35.7/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Pay Per Click40% Other -
$10,000+Undisclosed250 - 999New York, NY
Ability to deliver
34.8/40.019.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
85% Pay Per Click15% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
39.5/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
25% Pay Per Click75% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
37.6/40.018/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
25% Pay Per Click75% Other -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr250 - 999New York, NY
Ability to deliver
39.7/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$10,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
37.5/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience7.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$5,000+Undisclosed50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
28.1/40.016.2/20 Reviews4.8/10 Clients & Experience7.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
50% Pay Per Click50% Other -
$5,000+$50 - $99 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
35.9/40.016.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
35.8/40.016.2/20 Reviews9.9/10 Clients & Experience9.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Brooklyn, NY
Ability to deliver
38.7/40.019.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
36.3/40.017/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
36/40.017.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr250 - 999New York, NY
Ability to deliver
32.2/40.016.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience6/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
37.8/40.019/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.8/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
31.7/40.017.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience4.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
35% Pay Per Click65% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Jersey City, NJ
Ability to deliver
25.8/40.017.4/20 Reviews0/10 Clients & Experience8.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
75% Pay Per Click25% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
36.8/40.016.8/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience10/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
36.3/40.017.4/20 Reviews9.1/10 Clients & Experience9.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
34.8/40.019.6/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
15% Pay Per Click85% Other -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
36.3/40.017.8/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$10,000+$50 - $99 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
35.7/40.016.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9New Hyde Park, NY
Ability to deliver
28.4/40.016.2/20 Reviews6.2/10 Clients & Experience6/10 Market PresenceService focus
50% Pay Per Click50% Other -
UndisclosedUndisclosed10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
34.1/40.017.8/20 Reviews8.3/10 Clients & Experience7.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
17% Pay Per Click83% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Yonkers, NY
Ability to deliver
32.5/40.016.8/20 Reviews9.6/10 Clients & Experience6.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
20% Pay Per Click80% Other -
$10,000+$150 - $199 / hr50 - 249New York, NY
Ability to deliver
34.9/40.019.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
35.1/40.015.8/20 Reviews9.6/10 Clients & Experience9.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Pay Per Click90% Other
Top PPC Agencies in New York City
Hiring local offers three key advantages:
- Media & trend insight – NYC agencies live inside one of the world’s largest advertising markets, giving them a pulse on emerging consumer behaviors.
- Face-to-face collaboration – Quick subway ride meetings make strategy sessions and creative reviews more efficient.
- Access to specialized talent – From Wall Street fintech to SoHo fashion, agencies often build vertical expertise that maps directly to your niche.
Prices vary by scope, platform, and agency pedigree:
- Hourly rates: $125–$250
- Monthly management retainers: $3,000–$15,000 for mid-market accounts
- Percentage-of-ad-spend models: 10%–20% of monthly media budgets Boutique shops sometimes offer project-based audits starting around $5,000, while enterprise campaigns exceeding $100k in monthly media spend command higher retainers.
Given the city’s economic diversity, agencies commonly support:
- Finance & fintech
- Fashion and luxury retail
- Healthcare & wellness
- Real estate and proptech
- Media, entertainment, and sports
- Hospitality, travel, and restaurants
Many also run specialized campaigns for nonprofits, higher education, and growing tech startups.
Start by defining KPIs—lead volume, CAC, ROAS, or market expansion. Then:
- Review Clutch case studies for brands similar to yours
- Ask about platform certifications (Google Premier Partner, Microsoft Ads Select, etc.)
- Confirm who will manage your account day-to-day—senior strategists or junior analysts
- Request a sample report to gauge transparency and data depth
- Compare contract terms, including cancellation clauses and IP ownership
Watch for:
- Guaranteed rankings or unrealistic ROAS promises
- Lack of access to ad accounts or data siloing
- Overreliance on automated bids without human oversight
- One-size-fits-all landing pages that ignore brand voice
- Minimal communication cadence (e.g., monthly calls only) despite high fees