Top Email Marketing Companies
-
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Grapevine, TXServices provided
See all 70 projectsInbox Army, LLC is a specialized email marketing agency adept at Email Campaigns, Email List Management, and Email Automation. Customer reviews consistently praise their commitment to client satisfaction, with over 90% highlighting their responsiveness, attention to detail, and ability to deliver on time. Their strategic approach and expertise have notably enhanced email engagement and conversion rates.
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49Gurugram, IndiaServices provided
See all 7 projectsOptimite is a specialized agency providing comprehensive email marketing services, including email design, automation, and campaign management. Reviewers consistently praised their timely delivery, high-quality output, and robust project management, with a 100% satisfaction rate reported. Their adaptability and alignment with client needs, especially in scaling email outreach and engagement strategies, are also frequently highlighted.
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Medina, OHServices provided
See all 28 projectsOne 10 Media is a distinguished email marketing agency specializing in email campaigns, email automation, and email engagement strategies. Reviewers consistently commend their strategic alignment, proactive communication, and commitment to understanding client needs, resulting in significant revenue growth and efficient project management. An impressive 90% of feedback highlights their flexibility and personalized approach, with particular praise for delivering timely and effective solutions.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Salmiya, Kuwait
Services provided
Web development firm Solutions Co. Specializes in Web Development and Social Media Marketing. They are based in Salmiya, Kuwait.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Phoenix, AZ
Services provided
BANG! Web Site Design is a SEO agency. The team specializes in Search Engine Optimization and Advertising, and the company is headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona.
Read more -
Featured
What are Featured Providers?
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Denver, COServices provided
See all 24 projectsMH Digital is a specialized email marketing agency known for its expertise in Email Campaigns, Email Automation, and Email Engagement Strategies. With a 100% positive feedback rating, clients consistently praise their strategic insights, timely delivery, and ability to integrate seamlessly into team operations. Many reviews highlight MH Digital's proficiency in improving email performance metrics, such as revenue growth and customer engagement.
$1,000+< $25 / hr50 - 249Ed, SwedenServices provided
See all 62 projectsA-SALES AB is a company specializing in outbound lead generation and sales outreach through Email Marketing services. With a 90% positive feedback rate, clients consistently appreciate their expertise in creating precise, customized Email Campaigns, and their organized project management. However, one review highlighted significant dissatisfaction, citing unprofessionalism and ineffective communication. Despite this, A-SALES AB is generally recognized for effectively boosting client engagement and pipeline growth.
-
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Manama, Bahrain
Services provided
Micronetics Marketing and Promotions WLL is a Content Marketing company. They provide Content Marketing and Email Marketing and are headquartered in Manama, Bahrain.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Lihue, HI
Services provided
Weekend Digital Marketing is a branding agency. They are located in Lihue, Hawaii and have small team. Their services include Branding and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Manama, Bahrain
Services provided
Ad.mark, an Advertising company, was established in 2006. The agency specializes in Advertising and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Hawally, Kuwait
Services provided
Dary Web Designs, a branding firm, was launched in 2009. The agency focuses on Branding and Social Media Marketing, and is small.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Small social media marketing agency ALK Digital Marketing , is based in Kapaa, Hawaii. The team offers Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
KIRA Agency is an Advertising company. Headquartered in Kuwait City, Kuwait, the firm was founded in 2023. Their team provides Advertising and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Herriman, UT
Services provided
Business Consulting company Tenfold Advisors was established in 2017. The agency offers Business Consulting and Corporate Training & Coaching.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Jubilant Web is a SEO services firm. Established in 2007, the firm is in Miami, Florida and Medellín, Colombia. Their team focuses on Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Nappanee, IN
Services provided
Next Level Pixels is a social media marketing firm based in Nappanee, Indiana. The team provides Social Media Marketing and Content Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
SEO company Summit Angel Agency was launched in 2020. The company offers Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Troy, AL
Services provided
Launched in 2022, ITcity Digital Marketing Agency is a Marketing Strategy company. The team focuses on Marketing Strategy and Social Media Marketing and is headquartered in Troy, Alabama.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9San Marcos, CA
Services provided
ELocal Web Solutions is a social media marketing firm. Launched in 2012, the agency is based in San Marcos, California. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Content Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Paso Robles, CA
Services provided
805 SEO is a SEO company headquartered in Paso Robles, California. The team focuses on Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Sandy, UT
Services provided
Forte Agency is a media planning & buying agency. Their team is headquartered in Sandy, Utah. The agency offers Media Planning & Buying and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9San Francisco, CA
Services provided
Located in San Francisco, California, SyCo Media Inc. Is a small social media marketing company. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Smyrna, GA
Services provided
Small SEO company GrowComTwo, is in Smyrna, Georgia. The team focuses on Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Tolland, CT
Services provided
Digital Marketing Fuel, LLC is a SEO company. In Tolland, Connecticut, the team focuses on Search Engine Optimization and Marketing Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9West Hartford, CT
Services provided
Rare Dog Marketing Consultants is a social media marketing company located in West Hartford, Connecticut. They focus on Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Cullman, AL
Services provided
SEO company Fawkes Digital Marketing was established in 2013. The team provides Search Engine Optimization and Web Design.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Las Vegas, NV
Services provided
Touchpoint Presence is a small social media marketing company in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Henderson, NV
Services provided
Launched in 2023, KSL Digital Marketing is a SEO services firm. The company specializes in Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing, and is small.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Irvine, CA
Services provided
California SEO Company is a SEO company. The Irvine, California-based team provides Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Oracle Digital Services is a small graphic design company located in Shreveport, Louisiana. The team offers Graphic Design and Video Production.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Las Vegas, NV
Services provided
Advanced Digital Experts , a small SEO agency, is based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Mountain Brook, AL
Services provided
Flagstone Search Marketing LLC is a SEO agency. Their small team is in Mountain Brook, Alabama. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Hoover, AL
Services provided
Trustway Marketing, a small branding agency, is in Hoover, Alabama. The team offers Branding and Marketing Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Anchorage, AK
Services provided
The Digital Marketing Guy is a social media marketing firm. Their small team is located in Anchorage, Alaska. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Denver, CO
Services provided
Digital Traffik Agency is a branding company established in 2021. The team specializes in Branding and Marketing Strategy.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
DragonGoat Digital Marketing, an Advertising company, specialize in Advertising and Social Media Marketing. They were established in 2021.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Launched in 2021, Smoky Mountain Web Solutions, LLC is a social media marketing firm. The small team specializes in Social Media Marketing and UX/UI Design.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Englewood, CO
Services provided
Digital Consulting Services, LLC. Is a social media marketing firm. They are located in Englewood, Colorado. Their team provides Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Cyber Liberty Marketing is a social media marketing company. Founded in 2020, the team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Content Marketing. The company is located in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Amazing SEO is a SEO company established in 2022. The small team offers Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
FL Consulting, Digital Creations & Solutions is a SEO company in Aloha, Oregon. Their services include Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Albany, OR
Services provided
Greatness Digital, a branding company, was founded in 2020. The agency focuses on Branding and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Bend, OR
Services provided
OneScout Digital Marketing Agency is a SEO company. They were established in 2022, and their services include Search Engine Optimization and Web Development.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
In New York, New York, Get Me SEO, LLC is a social media marketing agency. Founded in 2009, the team focuses on Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Elizabethtown, PA
Services provided
Social media marketing agency Blosser Marketing Group was founded in 2016. The team provides Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization and is located in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Allentown, PA
Services provided
Cosmick Media is a social media marketing company. The team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization and is in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Hatfield, PA
Services provided
Founded in 2010, Fulcrum Concepts, LLC, a small social media marketing company, is based in Hatfield, Pennsylvania. Their team provides Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Launched in 2019, priss.digital is an Advertising company. The team provides Advertising and Branding and is located in Katy, Texas.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
NYC SEO Pro is a SEO services firm. Their small team is based in New York, New York. Their team specializes in Search Engine Optimization and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
Authorize Local is a Market Research company. The New York, New York-based company was launched in 2001. Their team specializes in Market Research and Social Media Marketing.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9New York, NY
Services provided
BD Grow is a social media marketing firm. Launched in 2022, the team specializes in Social Media Marketing and Email Marketing. The firm is in New York, New York.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
JRC Marketing Solutions is a SEO company founded in 2023. The team focuses on Search Engine Optimization and Branding.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Hendersonville, TN
Services provided
Comet Media Labs is a SEO company. They provide Search Engine Optimization and Web Design and are in Hendersonville, Tennessee.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9
Services provided
Digital Symmetry, a small social media marketing company, is in Hopkins, Minnesota. Their services include Social Media Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
Read more -
UndisclosedUndisclosed2 - 9Long Island City, NY
Services provided
Established in 2018, Blue Bear Digital Consulting is a Marketing Strategy company. Their team offers Marketing Strategy and Social Media Marketing.
Read more
Share your project goals, and we’ll connect you with verified partners who fit your budget and timeline.
Get My Matches
Tell us what you need — we’ll match you with top agencies in minutes.
Get My MatchesWhy Trust Clutch
At Clutch, we believe trust is the foundation of every business relationship. Our mission is to help buyers make confident, data-backed decisions informed by real client experiences.
Every review on Clutch undergoes a rigorous, human-led verification process to make sure it’s valid. Our team of specialists confirms the identity of each reviewer, ensures the project is legitimate, and only publishes reviews that meet our strict criteria.
Verification doesn’t stop at the point of publication. Our Trust & Safety team routinely audits older reviews against our guidelines. When reviews fall short of our standards, we remove them.
We evaluate service providers using a structured methodology that combines:
- In-depth client interviews and ratings
- Comprehensive project details
- Market presence
- Portfolio examples and industry recognition
This data powers tools like the Leaders Matrix, which helps you compare agencies directly. Our research team curates rankings by weighing verified reviews most heavily, so the most trusted and experienced providers rise to the top.
Using this unique combination of verified client feedback and provider-supplied insights, Clutch distills the most important details into clear, digestible summaries so you have everything you need to make confident, informed decisions quickly.
We take fraud seriously. Providers who violate our guidelines may face lower rankings, restricted visibility, or removal from the platform altogether.
Clutch’s commitment to transparency is ongoing. We’re constantly refining our systems to protect the integrity of reviews and support you in finding the right agency.
List of the Top 15 Email Marketing Agencies
-
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Grapevine, TX
Ability to deliver
39/40.019.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.8/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Email Marketing10% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr1,000 - 9,999Ahmedabad, India
Ability to deliver
38.5/40.020/20 Reviews8.8/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Email Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Oakland, CA
Ability to deliver
37.9/40.018.8/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Email Marketing -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Staten Island, NY
Ability to deliver
37.5/40.018.2/20 Reviews9.7/10 Clients & Experience9.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Email Marketing40% Other -
$10,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Singapore, Singapore
Ability to deliver
37.3/40.019.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience7.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Email Marketing40% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49Newport, RI
Ability to deliver
36.3/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Email Marketing -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49L'viv, Ukraine
Ability to deliver
35.3/40.016.8/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Denver, CO
Ability to deliver
34.4/40.017/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience7.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Email Marketing10% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Brooklyn, NY
Ability to deliver
33.7/40.017.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience6.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$10,000+Undisclosed2 - 9San Francisco, CA
Ability to deliver
33.4/40.015.6/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience8.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Email Marketing -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
Ability to deliver
33.4/40.016.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience7.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
75% Email Marketing25% Other -
$1,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Seattle, WA
Ability to deliver
33.3/40.015.6/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience8.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Email Marketing10% Other -
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr10 - 49Gurugram, India
Ability to deliver
33.1/40.018/20 Reviews8.8/10 Clients & Experience6.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
85% Email Marketing15% Other -
$5,000+Undisclosed10 - 49Hallandale Beach, FL
Ability to deliver
32.5/40.017.6/20 Reviews8.8/10 Clients & Experience6.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$1,000+< $25 / hr10 - 49London, England
Ability to deliver
36.9/40.017.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Email Marketing60% Other -
$1,000+$150 - $199 / hr2 - 9Windham, NH
Ability to deliver
32.1/40.017/20 Reviews7.9/10 Clients & Experience7.3/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Email Marketing30% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49New York, NY
Ability to deliver
32/40.016.2/20 Reviews9.7/10 Clients & Experience6.1/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Randwick, Australia
Ability to deliver
32/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience5.6/10 Market PresenceService focus
100% Email Marketing -
$1,000+< $25 / hr2 - 9London, England
Ability to deliver
31.5/40.016.2/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience6/10 Market PresenceService focus
90% Email Marketing10% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr2 - 9Lostwithiel, England
Ability to deliver
31.4/40.017/20 Reviews9.5/10 Clients & Experience4.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49Brașov, Romania
Ability to deliver
35.6/40.018.8/20 Reviews9.3/10 Clients & Experience7.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
40% Email Marketing60% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr2 - 9Tampa, FL
Ability to deliver
31.1/40.017.4/20 Reviews8.1/10 Clients & Experience5.5/10 Market PresenceService focus
80% Email Marketing20% Other -
$5,000+Undisclosed50 - 249Jackson, WY
Ability to deliver
31/40.018/20 Reviews5.8/10 Clients & Experience7.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
70% Email Marketing30% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr50 - 249Philadelphia, PA
Ability to deliver
36.1/40.016.4/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.7/10 Market PresenceService focus
30% Email Marketing70% Other -
$1,000+$25 - $49 / hr250 - 999Oakville, Canada
Ability to deliver
40/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience10/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Email Marketing90% Other -
$5,000+$100 - $149 / hr10 - 49Irvine, CA
Ability to deliver
37.3/40.018.2/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
30% Email Marketing70% Other -
$10,000+$100 - $149 / hr250 - 999San Diego, CA
Ability to deliver
39.9/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience9.9/10 Market PresenceService focus
10% Email Marketing90% Other -
$1,000+$50 - $99 / hr10 - 49McLean, VA
Ability to deliver
32.8/40.016.4/20 Reviews9.2/10 Clients & Experience7.2/10 Market PresenceService focus
50% Email Marketing50% Other -
$5,000+$150 - $199 / hr10 - 49Colbert, WA
Ability to deliver
38.4/40.020/20 Reviews10/10 Clients & Experience8.4/10 Market PresenceService focus
25% Email Marketing75% Other -
Undisclosed$50 - $99 / hr50 - 249Wrocław, Poland
Ability to deliver
30.5/40.015.6/20 Reviews7.9/10 Clients & Experience7/10 Market PresenceService focus
60% Email Marketing40% Other
Email Marketing Agency FAQs
Looking for an email marketing agency but not sure where to start? We've put together answers to the most common questions businesses ask when searching for a trusted partner. This FAQ covers what you need to know before hiring an email marketing agency, from pricing and services to results and red flags.
Clutch showcases firms that create automated campaigns, nurture leads, and improve conversions through email twice a year based on a proprietary methodology. The top email marketing agencies for Fall 2025 include:
An email marketing company plans, builds, and optimizes campaigns that move prospects through your sales funnel. Their typical responsibilities include audience segmentation, template design, copywriting, automation flow setup, deliverability monitoring, and performance reporting. Instead of juggling creative, technical, and analytical tasks internally, you can outsource to a specialist team that already knows best practices for inbox placement and conversion.
Agencies track metrics like revenue per email, conversion rate, subscriber lifetime value, and list churn. Advanced teams tie email performance back to multi-touch attribution models or customer data platforms so you can see how campaigns influence overall pipeline and retention.
Email marketing agencies are dedicated to helping clients reach their target audience cost-efficiently. If you’re planning to team up with a provider soon, here are some services you can expect:
- Strategy workshops and list growth planning
- ESP migration or platform setup (e.g., Klaviyo, HubSpot, Braze)
- Creative services (e.g., mobile-responsive templates, GIFs, dynamic content)
- Automated sequences (i.e., welcome, cart-abandon, re-engagement, post-purchase)
- A/B testing, personalization, and data analytics
- Deliverability audits and inbox placement fixes
Some firms also bundle paid social retargeting or SMS for a cohesive lifecycle approach. When evaluating prospective service providers, make sure to verify and assess the quality of the work they offer — regardless if you need comprehensive work or focused services.
Clutch data shows monthly retainers range from $2,500 to as high as $15,000 depending on several key factors such as list size, send volume, and service depth. Moreover, hourly rates generally fall between $75 – $150. Ultimately, it depends on what you are looking for – a small business needing two automated flows might spend $5,000 for setup, while an enterprise with millions of contacts could invest $20,000 per month for full lifecycle management and creative testing.
Finding the right email marketing provider is crucial to your investment’s success. To make sure you don’t feel overwhelmed once you look for potential providers, the first step you should do is clarify your goals (e.g., higher open rates, revenue per send, automation build-out). After that, you can proceed with the following:
- Shortlist agencies with proven results in your industry.
- Review Clutch feedback for communication style, project management, and ROI.
- Request case studies and ask about specific KPIs they improved.
- Evaluate cultural fit, reporting cadence, and tech stack expertise.
- Compare pricing models—flat retainer, percent of revenue, or project-based—and ensure deliverables are clear in the contract.
While there’s no flawless service provider, it’s crucial to match with the ideal team to avoid mishaps or costly headaches. Be cautious if a provider has any of the following warning signs:
- Guarantees specific open or revenue numbers (inbox algorithms shift)
- Uses purchased lists or suggests scraping emails
- Lacks transparency on creative ownership or ESP access
- Provides sparse reporting or avoids explaining metrics
- Overlooks compliance requirements like CAN-SPAM or GDPR
- Which industries do you specialize in, and can I see related case studies?
- What ESPs and automation tools are you certified in?
- How do you segment audiences and personalize content?
- What’s your process for improving deliverability?
- How frequently will we review performance metrics together?
- Who owns the creative assets and account data if we part ways?
A freelancer is ideal for one-off template designs or copy tweaks on a tight budget. An agency offers multidisciplinary teams—strategists, designers, developers, and analysts—able to manage end-to-end programs, integrate with CRMs, and scale testing. If your goal is sustainable revenue growth and complex automation, an agency’s broader expertise and bandwidth generally deliver higher long-term ROI.